Monday, November 21, 2016

Semiconductor Manufacturing Industry Analysis

ELECTRONICS.CA PUBLICATIONS announces the availability of a new report entitled “Global Semiconductor Equipment: Markets, Market Shares, Market Forecasts“, extending The Information Network’s semiconductor manufacturing industry analysis. This report profiles key semiconductor equipment suppliers such as Applied Materials, Axcelis Technologies, KLA-Tencor, Lam Research, Mattson Technology, Nanometrics, Rudolph Technologies, Ultratech, Veeco, Aixtron, ASM International, ASML. Carl Zeiss, Camtek, EV Group, LPE, Mycronic, Nova Measuring Instruments, Oerlikon/Evatec, Semilab, Advantest, Canon, Canon Anelva, Daifuku, Ebara, Hermes Microvision, Hitachi High-Technologies, Hitachi Kokusai Electric, JEOL, Jusung Engineering, KC Tech, Lasertec, Murata Machinery, Nikon, Nippon Sanso, Nissin Ion Equipment, NuFlare Technology, Screen Semiconductor Solutions, Tokyo Electron, Tokyo Seimitsu, Topcon Technohouse, Toray Engineering, Ulvac, Ushio, Wonik IPS.


Semiconductor Manufacturing Industry Analysis


According to this report, the front end equipment market, which grew 18.4% in 2014 based on revenues converted to dollars, the 2015 market will be essentially flat as shown in the table below.




























































Top 10 Semiconductor Front End Equipment Suppliers


2013 (a)2014 (a)2015 (f)
($B)($B)($B)
Applied Materials (AMAT)5.466.336.61
ASML (ASML)5.305.635.02
Tokyo Electron3.064.664.74
Lam Research LRCX)2.943.814.70
KLA-Tencor (KLAC)2.142.181.95
Screen Semiconductor Solutions1.221.130.94
Hitachi High-Technologies0.800.940.80
Nikon0.640.820.82
Hitachi Kokusai Electric0.500.600.64
ASM International (ASMI)0.460.560.58
  Total22.5226.6526.79
  Change18.4%0.5%
Source: The Information Network

A number of technical and operational trends within the semiconductor manufacturing industry are strengthening the need for more effective advanced equipment solutions.


Semiconductor Manufacturing Industry Trends:


  • Development of Smaller Semiconductor Features. The development of smaller features, now as small as 20nm in production and 10nm in R&D, enables semiconductor manufacturers to produce larger numbers of circuits per wafer and to achieve higher circuit performance.

  • Transition to 3D device structures. Foundries are adopting 3D FinFET transistors starting at 14/16 nm technology nodes to get improved performance and use less power in 1x technology nodes. Memory makers will move to 3D NAND and vertical structures for next generation NAND technology

  • Transition to 3D Integration Technology. Three-dimensional (3D) integration of active devices, directly connecting multiple IC chips, offers many benefits, including power efficiency, performance enhancements, significant product miniaturization, and cost reduction. It provides an additional way to extend Moore’s law beyond spending ever-increasing efforts to shrink feature sizes. A critical element in enabling 3D integration is the Through-Silicon Via (TSV); TSV provides the high-bandwidth interconnection between stacked chips. The TSV process is beginning to enter production. In the case of TSV, since multiple chips are connected, the process has to achieve and maintain very high yield levels in order to be economically viable.

  • Shortening of Technology Life Cycles. The technology life cycle of integrated circuits continues to shorten as semiconductor manufacturers strive to adopt new processes that allow a faster transition to smaller, faster and more complex devices. In the past, the technology life cycle was approximately three years; it is now only two years.

  • New materials. Copper metal layers continue to be the key material for the back end of line for advanced integrated circuits in order to increase performance and reduce the cost of integrated circuits. The Industry is continuously searching directions to reduce the effective K of the low K materials and to reduce the barrier thickness and material types. These changes require new processing and metrology equipment and thus represents challenging developments for the semiconductor manufacturing industry. In addition, in order to overcome limitations in the continued shrink of transistor dimensions, leading edge integrated circuit manufacturers are introducing new materials in the transistor gate stack. The adoption of high-k dielectrics is a key element for gate control in the most advanced technology nodes of 28nm, 20nm and 14nm currently in production, while R&D work to implement the next gate control material being done with III-IV materials. These new materials, combined with metal layers, require new processing and metrology equipment and thus represent a challenging development for the semiconductor manufacturing industry.

  • Increasing use of multi patterning lithography. The continuous need for scaling to meet reduced transistor costs combined with delays in EUV lithography is pushing the industry to develop alternative lithography techniques such as multi patterning, DSA and E-Beam. These alternative technology are increasing the Etch and CMP process steps and thus increasing the process control and metrology steps in these areas accordingly.

  • Increase in Foundry Manufacturing. Asa result of the rising investment needed for semiconductor process development and production as well as the proliferation of different types of semiconductors, semiconductor manufacturing is increasingly being outsourced to large semiconductor contract manufacturers, or foundries. A foundry typically runs several different processes and makes hundreds to thousands of different semiconductor product types in one facility, making the maintenance of a constant high production yield and overall equipment efficiency more difficult to achieve. This trend of shifting to foundries for manufacturing needs has progressed even further during recent years.

Semiconductor Manufacturing Industry AnalysisSemiconductor Manufacturing Industry AnalysisDetails of the new report, table of contents and ordering information can be found on Electronics.ca Publications’ web site. View Report Contents:Global Semiconductor Equipment: Markets, Market Shares, Market Forecasts“.



Semiconductor Manufacturing Industry Analysis

Graphene and 2D Materials Technologies, Production & End-User Markets


Two-dimensional(2D) materials are currently one of the most active areas of nano-materials research, and offer a huge opportunity for both fundamental studies and practical applications, including superfast, low-power, flexible and wearable electronics, sensors, photonics and electrochemical energy storage devices that will have an immense impact on our society.


Graphene is a ground-breaking two-dimensional (2D) material that possesses extraordinary electrical and mechanical properties that promise a new generation of innovative devices. New methods of scalable synthesis of high-quality graphene, clean delamination transfer and device integration have resulted in the commercialization of state-of-the-art electronics such as graphene touchscreens in smartphones and flexible RF devices on plastics.


Beyond graphene, emerging elementary 2D materials such as phosphorene and silicene will potentially allow for flexible electronics and field-effect transistors that exhibit ambipolar transport behaviour with either a direct band-gap or greater gate modulation.


Graphene exhibits a unique combination of mechanical, thermal, electronic and optical properties that provide opportunities for new innovation in flexible displays, transistors, photosensors, RFID tags, solar cells, secondary batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, conductive inks, EMI shielding heat insulation, anti-oxidation, LEDs across multiple industries including consumer electronics, automotive, aerospace, medicine, energy, 3D printing, polymer composites, wireless technology, filtration and coatings.


Graphene possesses (theoretically) record high electrical and thermal conductivity, transparency at all wavelengths, flexibility and outstanding mechanical strength. The global market for graphene continues to grow with weekly technology and production breakthroughs, new public and private investments and public listings of graphene producers. There are now over 150 companies either producing graphene or developing applications, with as many multi-nationals conducting R&D on these materials.


Relatively few graphene products have reached the market as yet, and until recently those that have mainly incorporate graphene additives to enhance toughness and flexibility. Products include smartphone touchscreens (Wuxi), tennis rackets (Head), bicycle rims (Vittoria), flexible battery straps and printed RFID antennas (Vorbeck), paint (Graphenstone), cycle helmets (Catlike), thermometers (Linktop Technology) and oil-drilling muds (Graphene Nanochem).


However, a number of energy related products have hit the market in 2015, including Zap&Go, a graphene supercapacitor that can help extend the battery life of smartphones, produced by Zapgocharger. Skeleton Technologies has also launched a graphene-enhanced supercapacitor with a capacitance of 4500 farads.


Graphene Lighting PLC has announced that a graphene light bulb with lower energy emissions, longer lifetime and lower manufacturing cost will be launched in 2015. In March, Graphene 3D Labs, Inc. announced the commercial availability of 3D graphene filaments for 3D printing applications. Sher-Wood Hockey has announced they are bringing a graphene-enhanced carbon fibre Rekker EK60 hocky stick to market. UK company Xefro has created a graphene-based heating system that can reduce energy costs up to 70 per cent. The product, gRAD, uses graphene as a heating element. Graphene Nanochem recently won a $28 million order from an oil company for its PlatDrill Series drilling fluid.


There is likely to be significant short-term opportunities in applications such conductive formulations and inks for printable electronics, coatings and electronic textiles; anti-corrosion coatings; current collector and separator coatings; thermal management; Li-ion batteries; Li-S batteries; supercapacitors (mainly for mobile electronics applications); EMI shielding materials and in anti-static and mechanical reinforced composites and barrier films. In most of these applications scale-up is relatively straightforward and performance benefits have been clearly demonstrated.


Medium-term growth will be witnessed in sensors and desalination membranes. Longer-term bets are in organic electronics applications (OLED, displays and solar PV), semiconductors and biomedicine. For graphene to meets its outstanding potential a number of significant challenges most be overcome. Low cost production processes must be developed and these production processes must be both scalable and suitable for integration into existing manufacturing processes and regulations. The challenges of consistently integrating graphene into products, either as graphene compounds or graphene components must also be met. Graphene also faces competition from incumbent materials such as carbon black, graphite and activated carbon that are relatively cheaper at present and already large-volume commodities.


Graphene and 2D Materials Market Opportunities Report


Graphene and 2D Materials Technologies, Production, End-User MarketsDetails of the new report, table of contents and ordering information can be found on Electronics.ca Publications’ web site. View Report Contents:The Global Market for Graphene and 2-D Materials: Technologies, Production, End User Markets and Opportunities Analysis, 2015-2025“.


WHAT DOES THE REPORT INCLUDE?


  • Comprehensive quantitative data and forecasts for the global graphene market to 2025.

  • Qualitative insight and perspective on the current market and future trends in end user markets based on interviews with key executives.

  • End user market analysis and technology timelines.

  • Financial estimates for the markets graphene will impact.

  • Patent analysis.

  • Competitive analysis of carbon nanotubes versus graphene.

  • Comparative analysis of graphene and other 2D Materials.

  • Tables and figures illustrating graphene market size

  • Full company profiles of graphene producers and application developers including technology descriptions and end user markets targeted

  • Profiles of prominent research centres

  • Industry activity and breakthroughs by market 2013-2016.



Graphene and 2D Materials Technologies, Production & End-User Markets

Friday, November 18, 2016

150 Million Smart City LPWAN Connections by 2025

Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technology with multi-mile ranges and multi-year battery lifetimes has created a growing smart city developer opportunity, according to a recently published report.


“In the last few years, city IT administrators have been leveraging Amazon AWS and Microsoft Azure cloud services and infrastructures. LPWANs with integrated cloud stacks and simplified networking leverages this trend”, says Mareca Hatler, ON World’s research director. “This cloud centric approach greatly simplifies installation, networking and web integration that significantly drives down service costs for smart cities.”


For the past decade, smart city IoT development consisted of retrofitting existing wireless protocols with traditional information technologies. The next ten years will see enormous intelligent city IoT growth as smart devices, sensors, cloud infrastructure and LPWANs transform city services. City residents are driving smart city solutions as they demand more efficient, less costly services and quality of life enhancements such as electric vehicle and bike-friendly transportation systems; location monitoring of people, places and things; parking assistance; and pollution-monitored environments.


The LPWAN ecosystem is experiencing exponential growth with several standards initiatives and nation-wide network rollouts of SigFox, LoRa and RPMA. By 2025, there will be 152 million connected LPWAN devices for smart water networks, transportation, waste management, environmental monitoring and public safety up from less than 4 million in 2015.


ON World identified 100+ companies that currently offer or are developing LPWAN products and services and many are targeting smart cities. A few of these include established OEMs and smart grid platform providers such as Endetec Homerider Systems, Honeywell, Itron and Trilliant as well as a growing number of startups and newer entrants such as Enevo, Flashnet, Libelium, Telensa, Urbiotica and Worldsensing.


smart cityl pwan market analysisThe “Smart Cities LPWAN”  research report is based on surveys and interviews with 150+ wireless IoT market leaders and smart city innovators and is part of ON World’s series of reports on LPWAN. Each report includes analysis and market size forecasts for LPWANs by market, application, technology, geography and by new versus displaced solutions; a survey on wireless IoT adoption trends; findings from several network tests on LPWAN technologies; and company profiles on 70+ companies.


Details of the new report, table of contents and ordering information can be found on Electronics.ca Publications’ web site. View Report Contents: Smart Cities LPWAN – A Market Dynamics Report.



150 Million Smart City LPWAN Connections by 2025

Internet of Things Solutions, Business Opportunities, and IoT Forecasts 2015-2020

IoT Solutions, Business Opportunities and New Markets


The Internet of Things (IoT) is poised to fundamentally transform M2M communications, global IT support systems, and business processes in virtually every industry vertical. IoT will significantly impact wireless (short range and macro networks), network signaling, authentication, and data management systems. Embedded systems will also be at the cornerstone for IoT deployment, especially within Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) applications. Data generated through sensors embedded in various things/objects will generate massive amounts of unstructured (big) data on real-time basis that holds the promise for intelligence and insights

for dramatically improved decision processes.


Accordingly, there is an emerging significant business opportunity for Cloud Service Providers and Big Data Analytics within IoT.  There is an increasingly urgent need for end-to-end security for IoT systems and services as we anticipate that their intrusions will become increasingly impactful leading to the potential for operational disruption, industrial espionage, damage to enterprise assets, and even potential physical harm to human beings.


This research offering is the most comprehensive available covering business drivers, technologies, leading companies and solutions, applications, services, market segments, and future outlook for IoT.


Forecasts are provided for 2015 to 2020 for major IoT focus areas including:


* Big Data in IoT

* Security in IoT

* Smart Cities and IoT

* IoT and Data as a Service

* IoT and Embedded Systems

* IoT and the Industrial Internet


This research bundle is value-priced as the sum total of each report purchased individually would be significantly more expensive. This report bundle purchase includes time with an expert analyst who will help you link key findings in the report to the business issues you’re addressing. This needs to be used within three months of purchasing the report.


Target Audience:


* Security companies

* Internet of Things companies

* Wireless device manufacturers

* Wearable technology suppliers

* Digital signal processor providers

* Telephony infrastructure providers

* Computer and semiconductor companies

* Embedded hardware, software and OS providers

* Mobile/wireless network operators and service providers

* Next generation application developers and content providers

* Consumer electronics merchandisers and application providers


Table of Contents:


This research package includes the following reports:


  1. Data as a Service (DaaS) Market and Forecasts 2015 – 2020

  2. Wireless IoT Wide Area Network (WAN) Technologies and Solutions

  3. M2M, IoT, Sensors, and Connected World: Market and Forecast 2015 – 2020

  4. Connected Home and IoT: Market Opportunities and Forecasts 2015 – 2020

  5. M2M/IoT, Cloud, Big Data and Analytics: Market Dynamics and Opportunities

  6. Connected Vehicles: Market and Forecast for LTE and Telematics Applications 2015 – 2020

  7. Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT): Key Trends, Opportunities and Market Forecasts 2015 – 2020

  8. Big Data in Internet of  Things (IoT): Key Trends, Opportunities and Market Forecasts 2015 – 2020

  9. The IoT Software Market and OEM Ecosystem: Opportunities, Challenges, and Forecast 2015 – 2020

  10. The IoT Hardware Market and OEM Ecosystem: Opportunities, Challenges, and Forecast 2015 – 2020

  11. Internet of Things (IoT) and  Wireless Networks: Technologies, Business Drivers, and Market Outlook

  12. Security and Privacy in the Internet of Things (IoT): Challenges, Market Opportunities and Forecast  2015 – 2020

  13. Smart City Business Drivers,  Technologies, Companies, and Solutions: Global Outlook and Forecasts 2015 – 2020

  14.  Internet of  Things (IoT) Leaders: ARM, Broadcom, Cisco, Freescale, Google, Intel, McAfee, Oracle, PTC, Qualcomm, Samsung

  15. Embedded Infrastructure and Devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) Ecosystem: Next Generation Embedded System Hardware, Software, Tools, and OSs 2015 – 2020

IoT Solutions, Business Opportunities and New Markets


Internet of Things Solutions, Business Opportunities, and IoT Forecasts 2015 – 2020


Published in December 2015

1,860 pages.

Single-user License:  $ 12,995 USD

Team License (Up to 5 Users):   $ 15,995 USD

Company-wide License:   $ 19,995 USD


For more information and ordering please contact Electronics.ca Publications.



Internet of Things Solutions, Business Opportunities, and IoT Forecasts 2015-2020

Wednesday, November 16, 2016

Industrial Robots: -- Markets Reach $48.9 Billion By 2021

The opportunity to participate in robotic markets is compelling. This new market is evolving as new automated process based on breakthroughs and innovation in technology is expressed in robotic platforms. Microprocessor technology, optics, cameras, nanotechnology, new materials, thin film batteries, and sensors are among the technologies being put to use in innovative ways in robots. The ability to apply any technology from any company is phenomenal.


Consideration of Robot Market Forecasts indicates that markets at $53 billion will reach $171.7 billion by 2020. Growth comes as every industry achieves efficiency by automating process robotically. Robots are unique because they can perform multiple steps without human intervention and they can adapt to different conditions and different types of devices to be manipulated. The sensors and the cameras in the robots make them flexible.


Robot technology is based on platforms that leverage sensors, controllers, software modules, cameras, visualization, and locomotors deploying machines for control of all repeatable process. Industrialization is after all the repetition of some task to create process. Robots take this a step further to create automation of process with the ability to move the units.


Robots are promising to improve yields in every industry. Robots make crops safer by eliminating or virtually eliminating herbicides. Downstream processing system solutions and robots achieve automation of process. Robots meet stringent hygiene and safety regulations, work tirelessly 24 hours a day, and relieve human workers of physically arduous tasks. Robots contribute to the freshness, variety and quality of food. Projects are ongoing. Projects are ongoing.


What could be tastier than a fresh picked strawberry, fully ripe, full of juicy appetence, exquisite in every way? Plant factories, grow lights, vertical farming appliances, and robots that make them possible are poised to change the economics of food growing. Robots in general are poised to change every aspect of modern life. Robots are poised to change everything, what we eat, how we eat it, what we drive, how we drive it, what we manufacture, how we manufacture it, and the military, how we defend ourselves.


Robots are set to bring a new industrial revolution more important than anything seen before. Industrial robots perform repetitive tasks efficiently, they do not eat, they do not make mistakes, they do not get tired, they do what they are told, they work 24 hours per day 7 days a week. Manufacturing plants are frequently long aisles of nothing but robots, no human in sight.


Beyond industrial robots that repeat actions, more intelligent robots loaded with sensors are able to automate process using processors and cameras to control action. Use of microprocessors provides a measure of intelligent control over the activity of the robot based on input from the sensors and the cameras.


Tablet apps are congruent technology for all robots, adding platform functionality and providing basic platform controls. There is the potential for standardization so the robotic platforms are congruent, but that has not happened yet. Companies with a presence in tablet markets are poised to benefit enormously from the growth of robot markets. The app software provides a universal mechanism that will permit flexible response to changing market conditions.


 


Industrial Robots MarketDetails of the new report, table of contents and ordering information can be found on Electronics.ca Publications’ web site. View the report:  “Industrial Robots: Market Shares, Strategies, and Forecasts, Worldwide, 2015 to 2021“.


 


 



Industrial Robots: -- Markets Reach $48.9 Billion By 2021

How Negative Interest Rates of Central Banks are Collapsing Global Economy?

The origin of negative interest rate of central banks lies in the neutral rate identified by Knut Wicksell almost a century ago. Negative interest rates meant that the rate of interest required to bring an economy back to full employment with a stable inflation, which could be even negative. The real job creators in any free market economy are not only producers but also consumers. Hence, both producers and consumers have to prosper for a robust economic growth.



On macroeconomic level, there is a huge income inequality in global economy because of the reluctance of their central banks to follow a monetary policy which would usher a true free market economy. The Fed has also printed several trillion dollars in its ambitious Quantitative Easing (QE) program after 2008 stock market crash. As a result, the economy stabilized in 2009 and began to grow in 2010. However, real wages of Americans fell, while the corporate profits sky-rocketed. How did that happen? Because, the entire increase in government spending from rising budget deficit went into the coffers of already wealthy producers. This is how Goldman Sachs alone could give bonuses of over $20 billion to its executives in 2009, while millions of ordinary Americans were still being laid off from their jobs. While the consumer debt actually fell, the government spending and hence its debt actually rose so much that executives received hefty extra compensation.


Due to absence of a free market economy where wages keep pace with productivity, the central banks have to print dollars just to sustain deficits in respective economies. The trade deficits of the US are a result of offshoring of manufacturing Low Labor Cost (LLCs) Asian countries to increase the corporate profits of US based MNCs. With a lost domestic manufacturing in developed economies to countries in Asia, the citizens in developed countries are relegated to low paying service sector jobs. Hence, the real wages of majority of citizens in the U.S. have actually decreased with rising trade deficits. These trade deficits however have benefited the external share holders of corporations who have reaped huge profits from the rising share prices resulting from a practice of offshoring.


The growing economic disparity has also reduced the ability of low wage earning citizens to pay a fair share of their taxes. Additionally, the tax cuts that are offered to corporations have added further to national budget deficits. Now, the growing trade and budget deficits can be sustained only by means of printing more currency. With their monetary policies, the central banks like Federal Reserve (Fed) or European Central Bank (ECB) prints more money to bring down the rate of interest, and lower interest rates induces people to increase their borrowing or it increases consumer debt. As the wages fall with rising productivity resulting from technological progress, the wage-productivity gap keeps rising so fast that even the government has to raise its own spending and debt constantly to sustain an economic demand from the growing gap between wages and productivity. In this way, even the national debt keeps rising because of increased government spending.


Hence, Central banks keep printing more and more money and all the printed money keeps entering into the pockets of already wealthy individuals and corporations but such policies do not help boost domestic consumer purchasing power in economy. Hence, the real economic demand keeps stagnating and even falling in some cases. Since, wages contribute to economic demand and productivity contributes to an economic supply, wage-productivity gap contributes to demand-supply gap.


The Fed’s benchmark interest rates are already close to zero percent and just to keep the value of the dollar high in order to be able to export more goods to the U.S., the ECB entered into negative interest territory in June 2014. This unprecedented step of imposing a negative interest rate on banks for their deposits is in effect charging lenders to park money with the banks. Additionally, the monetary policies of central banks let wages trail productivity resulting in a lack of economic demand. This causes all the money that is not put into the bank accounts to not get invested into the economy due to a poor economic demand. In fact, negative interest rates are causing money to get stashed underneath mattresses, thereby steadily shrinking of the consumer credit in the economy.


When Fed hiked its benchmark interest rate by only 0.25 percent in early 2016, there was a net inflow of funds from developing economies into the U.S. This move has strengthened USD as compared to its other trading partners. The Asian trading partners like Japan are also following an unconventional monetary policy and Japanese central banks are moving into a negative interest rate territory just to maintain a net trade surplus with the U.S. Hence, any reluctance by the Fed to hike its benchmark interest rate is undone by a decision of US trading partners to enter into a negative interest rate territory.


A rising value of US dollar from all these policies is not good for the US economy as U.S. is unable to export its goods to other countries due to high value of USD. Hence, US trade deficits are steadily rising and could rise further if the Fed hikes its interest rates further in 2016. Rising USD combined with falling US exports are crashing the profits of US MNCs. All of this causes an inability of the U.S. to be able to balance its budget in order to retain its AAA rating. The corporate bonds can no longer retain an excellent credit rating when corporate profits keep crashing because of falling consumer demand in the economy.


A net inflow of capital from developing economies into the U.S. has also triggered a panic in the developing economies as they are dependent on the capital arriving from developed economies. The US based MNCs have neglected consumer demand in US economy, in search of a better RoI from Asian economies and this is crashing MNC profits in both developing as well as developed economies. Everything depends on the ability of the U.S. to service its sovereign debt which would no longer retain its AAA rating as corporate profits start crashing. The end result of all this would be exactly like what has happened with the housing market crash of 2008, but this time the crisis will be much more severe than the housing market meltdown. Once the U.S. defaults on its debt, the global economy would collapse like a ‘Fire Cracker’.


This article is a sequel to Apek Mulay’s two published articles on LinkedIn viz:


  1. Negative interest rates of central banks could burst debt bubble like a fire cracker? (https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140605212609-11893233-negative-interest-rates-of-central-banks-could-burst-debt-bubble-like-a-fire-cracker?trk=mp-reader-card) published on 5th June 2014 when Negative Interest rates went into effect in Europe.

  2. Negative Interest Rates of Banks – Part 2 (https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/negative-interest-rates-banks-part-2-apekshit-mulay-apek-?trk=mp-reader-card)

Author’ Bio


How Negative Interest Rates of Central Banks are Collapsing Global Economy?Apek Mulay is Business and Technology Consultant at Mulay’s Consultancy Services. He is also a senior analyst and macroeconomist in US Semiconductor Industry. He is author of book Mass Capitalism: A Blueprint for Economic Revival. Mulay has also authored another book Sustaining Moore’s Law: Uncertainty leading to a Certainty of IoT Revolution with Morgan & Claypool publishers. He pursued undergraduate studies in Electronics Engineering (EE) at the University of Mumbai in India and has completed master’s degree in EE at Texas Tech University, Lubbock. Mulay authored a patent “Surface Imaging with Materials Identified by Colors” during his employment in Advanced CMOS technology development team at Texas Instruments Inc. He has also chaired technical sessions at International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis (ISTFA) for consecutive years. USCIS approved his US permanent residency under the category of foreign nationals with extraordinary abilities in science and technologies even though he did not pursue a PhD degree in engineering or economics. He has been cited as an ‘Engineer-cum-Economist’ by superstar economist Professor Ravi Batra in his 2015 Volume ‘End Unemployment Now: How to Eliminate Poverty, Debt and Joblessness despite Congress’. He has appeared on National Radio shows, made Cover Story for Industry Magazines, authors articles for newspapers as well as several reputed blogs & industry publications, as well as has been invited on several Television shows ( because of his accurate macroeconomic forecasts ) for his ideas about Mass Capitalism. He is also an investing partner in an ecommerce business Calcuttahandicraft.in which he started to envision his ideas about Mass Capitalism. www.ApekMulay.com.


www.apekmulay.com


 


 



How Negative Interest Rates of Central Banks are Collapsing Global Economy?

Monday, November 14, 2016

European EMS Market Analysis

2014 was a tough year for most EMS companies with revenues in Western Europe  declining by 3% while an increase of 3.4% in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and  Middle East/North Africa (MENA) helped the overall European market post growth of 0.5%. Although the market is expected to recover, growth is forecast to remain flat in 2015/2016 before gaining some traction in the later part of the forecast period.



EMS revenues in Western Europe are forecast to reach Euro 11.16 billion in 2019, up from Euro 10.37 million in 2014, with the market increasingly focused on the Aerospace, Defence, Automotive, Medical, Control & Instrumentation, Industrial and Telecom  (ADAMCIT) segments of the market.


The European EMS Industry - A Strategic Study of the European EMS Industry 2014-2019

Source: RER , The European EMS Industry – A Strategic Study of the European EMS Industry 2014-2019


The transfer of production to manufacturing facilities in  CEE/MENA to reduce costs and  the increasing demand by OEMs for EMS to offer local manufacturing in key global markets will dampen growth in Western Europe during the period to 2019.


The reverse applies to CEE/MENA where growth will be boosted by the transfer of production from Western Europe and in particular, lower volume high mix products in the ADAMCIT segments. This is expected to be offset in part by the migration of higher volume products in the consumer, computing and communications, or 3C, segment to Asia as the major global EMS companies come under increasing pricing pressure.  Assuming that the leading global EMS providers remain committed to retaining a major manufacturing presence in the region revenues are forecast to reach Euro 16.21 billion by 2019, up from Euro 15.15 billion in 2014


Major EMS Players


Although made up of over 1,000 companies, the industry is dominated by a small number of Global players with the Top 3 – Foxconn, Flextronics and Jabil – accounting for around 44.5% of revenues in 2014, with nearly 90% from plants in CEE focused on  the 3C segment.


Approaching 75% of the total sales (Euro 19.1 billion) are achieved by the leading 50 companies or 5% of the total number. We are expecting that there will be further consolidation across the industry due to the downward price pressure, slow economic growth and requirement to broaden and deepen the design, development and aftercare services to customers.


This comprehensive report provides:


  • A detailed market analysis to 2019 for Western Europe, CEE and North Africa in a single report.

  • A breakdown of the market by major sector.

  • An in-depth analysis and comment on the key market trends impacting the European EMS Industry.

  • A ranking and detailed profiles of the Top 20 EMS providers in Europe.

  • An overview of electronic production and EMS manufacturing in the major countries and regions including a ranking of the leading companies and profiles of the major players.

  • A directory by country of the EMS manufacturing locations with addresses, contact numbers, websites.

An appendix with the estimated sales turnover for 2014 of the Top 50 European EMS providers and the Top 50 European EMS companies based on global revenues and a list of the prevailing and historical currency exchange rates.


The European EMS Industry report allows you to track these developments in a single cost-effective study providing both detailed market and company analysis. The eleventh edition of the European EMS industry report, published by Reed Electronics Research, highlights the issues impacting the European EMS industry.


Details of the new report, table of contents and ordering information can be found on Electronics.ca Publications’ web site: The European EMS Industry – A Strategic Study of the European EMS Industry 2014-2019.


 



European EMS Market Analysis

Semiconductor Manufacturing Industry Analysis

ELECTRONICS.CA PUBLICATIONS announces the availability of a new report entitled “Global Semiconductor Equipment: Markets, Market Shares, Market Forecasts“, extending The Information Network’s semiconductor manufacturing industry analysis. This report profiles key semiconductor equipment suppliers such as Applied Materials, Axcelis Technologies, KLA-Tencor, Lam Research, Mattson Technology, Nanometrics, Rudolph Technologies, Ultratech, Veeco, Aixtron, ASM International, ASML. Carl Zeiss, Camtek, EV Group, LPE, Mycronic, Nova Measuring Instruments, Oerlikon/Evatec, Semilab, Advantest, Canon, Canon Anelva, Daifuku, Ebara, Hermes Microvision, Hitachi High-Technologies, Hitachi Kokusai Electric, JEOL, Jusung Engineering, KC Tech, Lasertec, Murata Machinery, Nikon, Nippon Sanso, Nissin Ion Equipment, NuFlare Technology, Screen Semiconductor Solutions, Tokyo Electron, Tokyo Seimitsu, Topcon Technohouse, Toray Engineering, Ulvac, Ushio, Wonik IPS.


Semiconductor Manufacturing Industry Analysis


According to this report, the front end equipment market, which grew 18.4% in 2014 based on revenues converted to dollars, the 2015 market will be essentially flat as shown in the table below.




























































Top 10 Semiconductor Front End Equipment Suppliers


2013 (a)2014 (a)2015 (f)
($B)($B)($B)
Applied Materials (AMAT)5.466.336.61
ASML (ASML)5.305.635.02
Tokyo Electron3.064.664.74
Lam Research LRCX)2.943.814.70
KLA-Tencor (KLAC)2.142.181.95
Screen Semiconductor Solutions1.221.130.94
Hitachi High-Technologies0.800.940.80
Nikon0.640.820.82
Hitachi Kokusai Electric0.500.600.64
ASM International (ASMI)0.460.560.58
  Total22.5226.6526.79
  Change18.4%0.5%
Source: The Information Network

A number of technical and operational trends within the semiconductor manufacturing industry are strengthening the need for more effective advanced equipment solutions.


Semiconductor Manufacturing Industry Trends:


  • Development of Smaller Semiconductor Features. The development of smaller features, now as small as 20nm in production and 10nm in R&D, enables semiconductor manufacturers to produce larger numbers of circuits per wafer and to achieve higher circuit performance.

  • Transition to 3D device structures. Foundries are adopting 3D FinFET transistors starting at 14/16 nm technology nodes to get improved performance and use less power in 1x technology nodes. Memory makers will move to 3D NAND and vertical structures for next generation NAND technology

  • Transition to 3D Integration Technology. Three-dimensional (3D) integration of active devices, directly connecting multiple IC chips, offers many benefits, including power efficiency, performance enhancements, significant product miniaturization, and cost reduction. It provides an additional way to extend Moore’s law beyond spending ever-increasing efforts to shrink feature sizes. A critical element in enabling 3D integration is the Through-Silicon Via (TSV); TSV provides the high-bandwidth interconnection between stacked chips. The TSV process is beginning to enter production. In the case of TSV, since multiple chips are connected, the process has to achieve and maintain very high yield levels in order to be economically viable.

  • Shortening of Technology Life Cycles. The technology life cycle of integrated circuits continues to shorten as semiconductor manufacturers strive to adopt new processes that allow a faster transition to smaller, faster and more complex devices. In the past, the technology life cycle was approximately three years; it is now only two years.

  • New materials. Copper metal layers continue to be the key material for the back end of line for advanced integrated circuits in order to increase performance and reduce the cost of integrated circuits. The Industry is continuously searching directions to reduce the effective K of the low K materials and to reduce the barrier thickness and material types. These changes require new processing and metrology equipment and thus represents challenging developments for the semiconductor manufacturing industry. In addition, in order to overcome limitations in the continued shrink of transistor dimensions, leading edge integrated circuit manufacturers are introducing new materials in the transistor gate stack. The adoption of high-k dielectrics is a key element for gate control in the most advanced technology nodes of 28nm, 20nm and 14nm currently in production, while R&D work to implement the next gate control material being done with III-IV materials. These new materials, combined with metal layers, require new processing and metrology equipment and thus represent a challenging development for the semiconductor manufacturing industry.

  • Increasing use of multi patterning lithography. The continuous need for scaling to meet reduced transistor costs combined with delays in EUV lithography is pushing the industry to develop alternative lithography techniques such as multi patterning, DSA and E-Beam. These alternative technology are increasing the Etch and CMP process steps and thus increasing the process control and metrology steps in these areas accordingly.

  • Increase in Foundry Manufacturing. Asa result of the rising investment needed for semiconductor process development and production as well as the proliferation of different types of semiconductors, semiconductor manufacturing is increasingly being outsourced to large semiconductor contract manufacturers, or foundries. A foundry typically runs several different processes and makes hundreds to thousands of different semiconductor product types in one facility, making the maintenance of a constant high production yield and overall equipment efficiency more difficult to achieve. This trend of shifting to foundries for manufacturing needs has progressed even further during recent years.

Semiconductor Manufacturing Industry AnalysisSemiconductor Manufacturing Industry AnalysisDetails of the new report, table of contents and ordering information can be found on Electronics.ca Publications’ web site. View Report Contents:Global Semiconductor Equipment: Markets, Market Shares, Market Forecasts“.



Semiconductor Manufacturing Industry Analysis

Friday, November 11, 2016

Graphene and 2D Materials Technologies, Production & End-User Markets


Two-dimensional(2D) materials are currently one of the most active areas of nano-materials research, and offer a huge opportunity for both fundamental studies and practical applications, including superfast, low-power, flexible and wearable electronics, sensors, photonics and electrochemical energy storage devices that will have an immense impact on our society.


Graphene is a ground-breaking two-dimensional (2D) material that possesses extraordinary electrical and mechanical properties that promise a new generation of innovative devices. New methods of scalable synthesis of high-quality graphene, clean delamination transfer and device integration have resulted in the commercialization of state-of-the-art electronics such as graphene touchscreens in smartphones and flexible RF devices on plastics.


Beyond graphene, emerging elementary 2D materials such as phosphorene and silicene will potentially allow for flexible electronics and field-effect transistors that exhibit ambipolar transport behaviour with either a direct band-gap or greater gate modulation.


Graphene exhibits a unique combination of mechanical, thermal, electronic and optical properties that provide opportunities for new innovation in flexible displays, transistors, photosensors, RFID tags, solar cells, secondary batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, conductive inks, EMI shielding heat insulation, anti-oxidation, LEDs across multiple industries including consumer electronics, automotive, aerospace, medicine, energy, 3D printing, polymer composites, wireless technology, filtration and coatings.


Graphene possesses (theoretically) record high electrical and thermal conductivity, transparency at all wavelengths, flexibility and outstanding mechanical strength. The global market for graphene continues to grow with weekly technology and production breakthroughs, new public and private investments and public listings of graphene producers. There are now over 150 companies either producing graphene or developing applications, with as many multi-nationals conducting R&D on these materials.


Relatively few graphene products have reached the market as yet, and until recently those that have mainly incorporate graphene additives to enhance toughness and flexibility. Products include smartphone touchscreens (Wuxi), tennis rackets (Head), bicycle rims (Vittoria), flexible battery straps and printed RFID antennas (Vorbeck), paint (Graphenstone), cycle helmets (Catlike), thermometers (Linktop Technology) and oil-drilling muds (Graphene Nanochem).


However, a number of energy related products have hit the market in 2015, including Zap&Go, a graphene supercapacitor that can help extend the battery life of smartphones, produced by Zapgocharger. Skeleton Technologies has also launched a graphene-enhanced supercapacitor with a capacitance of 4500 farads.


Graphene Lighting PLC has announced that a graphene light bulb with lower energy emissions, longer lifetime and lower manufacturing cost will be launched in 2015. In March, Graphene 3D Labs, Inc. announced the commercial availability of 3D graphene filaments for 3D printing applications. Sher-Wood Hockey has announced they are bringing a graphene-enhanced carbon fibre Rekker EK60 hocky stick to market. UK company Xefro has created a graphene-based heating system that can reduce energy costs up to 70 per cent. The product, gRAD, uses graphene as a heating element. Graphene Nanochem recently won a $28 million order from an oil company for its PlatDrill Series drilling fluid.


There is likely to be significant short-term opportunities in applications such conductive formulations and inks for printable electronics, coatings and electronic textiles; anti-corrosion coatings; current collector and separator coatings; thermal management; Li-ion batteries; Li-S batteries; supercapacitors (mainly for mobile electronics applications); EMI shielding materials and in anti-static and mechanical reinforced composites and barrier films. In most of these applications scale-up is relatively straightforward and performance benefits have been clearly demonstrated.


Medium-term growth will be witnessed in sensors and desalination membranes. Longer-term bets are in organic electronics applications (OLED, displays and solar PV), semiconductors and biomedicine. For graphene to meets its outstanding potential a number of significant challenges most be overcome. Low cost production processes must be developed and these production processes must be both scalable and suitable for integration into existing manufacturing processes and regulations. The challenges of consistently integrating graphene into products, either as graphene compounds or graphene components must also be met. Graphene also faces competition from incumbent materials such as carbon black, graphite and activated carbon that are relatively cheaper at present and already large-volume commodities.


Graphene and 2D Materials Market Opportunities Report


Graphene and 2D Materials Technologies, Production, End-User MarketsDetails of the new report, table of contents and ordering information can be found on Electronics.ca Publications’ web site. View Report Contents:The Global Market for Graphene and 2-D Materials: Technologies, Production, End User Markets and Opportunities Analysis, 2015-2025“.


WHAT DOES THE REPORT INCLUDE?


  • Comprehensive quantitative data and forecasts for the global graphene market to 2025.

  • Qualitative insight and perspective on the current market and future trends in end user markets based on interviews with key executives.

  • End user market analysis and technology timelines.

  • Financial estimates for the markets graphene will impact.

  • Patent analysis.

  • Competitive analysis of carbon nanotubes versus graphene.

  • Comparative analysis of graphene and other 2D Materials.

  • Tables and figures illustrating graphene market size

  • Full company profiles of graphene producers and application developers including technology descriptions and end user markets targeted

  • Profiles of prominent research centres

  • Industry activity and breakthroughs by market 2013-2016.



Graphene and 2D Materials Technologies, Production & End-User Markets

Internet of Things Solutions, Business Opportunities, and IoT Forecasts 2015-2020

IoT Solutions, Business Opportunities and New Markets


The Internet of Things (IoT) is poised to fundamentally transform M2M communications, global IT support systems, and business processes in virtually every industry vertical. IoT will significantly impact wireless (short range and macro networks), network signaling, authentication, and data management systems. Embedded systems will also be at the cornerstone for IoT deployment, especially within Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) applications. Data generated through sensors embedded in various things/objects will generate massive amounts of unstructured (big) data on real-time basis that holds the promise for intelligence and insights

for dramatically improved decision processes.


Accordingly, there is an emerging significant business opportunity for Cloud Service Providers and Big Data Analytics within IoT.  There is an increasingly urgent need for end-to-end security for IoT systems and services as we anticipate that their intrusions will become increasingly impactful leading to the potential for operational disruption, industrial espionage, damage to enterprise assets, and even potential physical harm to human beings.


This research offering is the most comprehensive available covering business drivers, technologies, leading companies and solutions, applications, services, market segments, and future outlook for IoT.


Forecasts are provided for 2015 to 2020 for major IoT focus areas including:


* Big Data in IoT

* Security in IoT

* Smart Cities and IoT

* IoT and Data as a Service

* IoT and Embedded Systems

* IoT and the Industrial Internet


This research bundle is value-priced as the sum total of each report purchased individually would be significantly more expensive. This report bundle purchase includes time with an expert analyst who will help you link key findings in the report to the business issues you’re addressing. This needs to be used within three months of purchasing the report.


Target Audience:


* Security companies

* Internet of Things companies

* Wireless device manufacturers

* Wearable technology suppliers

* Digital signal processor providers

* Telephony infrastructure providers

* Computer and semiconductor companies

* Embedded hardware, software and OS providers

* Mobile/wireless network operators and service providers

* Next generation application developers and content providers

* Consumer electronics merchandisers and application providers


Table of Contents:


This research package includes the following reports:


  1. Data as a Service (DaaS) Market and Forecasts 2015 – 2020

  2. Wireless IoT Wide Area Network (WAN) Technologies and Solutions

  3. M2M, IoT, Sensors, and Connected World: Market and Forecast 2015 – 2020

  4. Connected Home and IoT: Market Opportunities and Forecasts 2015 – 2020

  5. M2M/IoT, Cloud, Big Data and Analytics: Market Dynamics and Opportunities

  6. Connected Vehicles: Market and Forecast for LTE and Telematics Applications 2015 – 2020

  7. Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT): Key Trends, Opportunities and Market Forecasts 2015 – 2020

  8. Big Data in Internet of  Things (IoT): Key Trends, Opportunities and Market Forecasts 2015 – 2020

  9. The IoT Software Market and OEM Ecosystem: Opportunities, Challenges, and Forecast 2015 – 2020

  10. The IoT Hardware Market and OEM Ecosystem: Opportunities, Challenges, and Forecast 2015 – 2020

  11. Internet of Things (IoT) and  Wireless Networks: Technologies, Business Drivers, and Market Outlook

  12. Security and Privacy in the Internet of Things (IoT): Challenges, Market Opportunities and Forecast  2015 – 2020

  13. Smart City Business Drivers,  Technologies, Companies, and Solutions: Global Outlook and Forecasts 2015 – 2020

  14.  Internet of  Things (IoT) Leaders: ARM, Broadcom, Cisco, Freescale, Google, Intel, McAfee, Oracle, PTC, Qualcomm, Samsung

  15. Embedded Infrastructure and Devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) Ecosystem: Next Generation Embedded System Hardware, Software, Tools, and OSs 2015 – 2020

IoT Solutions, Business Opportunities and New Markets


Internet of Things Solutions, Business Opportunities, and IoT Forecasts 2015 – 2020


Published in December 2015

1,860 pages.

Single-user License:  $ 12,995 USD

Team License (Up to 5 Users):   $ 15,995 USD

Company-wide License:   $ 19,995 USD


For more information and ordering please contact Electronics.ca Publications.



Internet of Things Solutions, Business Opportunities, and IoT Forecasts 2015-2020

Wednesday, November 9, 2016

What is New in IPC Standards A-610F-WAM1 & J-STD-001F-WAM1 ?

In order to keep up with industry demand, IPC has released amendments for J-STD-001F, Requirements for Soldered Electrical and Electronic Assemblies, and IPC-A-610F, Acceptability of Electronic Assemblies. For each standard, IPC-A-610F Amendment 1 and IPC J-STD-001F Amendment 1 represents a critical shift to deliver necessary updates to these already robust standards.


In order for a standard to be successful, it needs to grow and evolve with industry demand. To achieve this, IPC has released two new amendments that address evolving manufacturing requirements. The first amendment is for J-STD-001F, Requirements for Soldered Electrical and Electronic Assemblies. This standard is recognized worldwide as the sole industry-consensus standard covering soldering materials and processes, including support for both traditional solder alloys and for lead-free manufacturing.


The second amendment is for IPC-A-610F, Acceptability of Electronic Assemblies. This widely used standard is a must for all quality assurance and assembly departments. This standard illustrates industry-accepted workmanship criteria for electronics assemblies through detailed statements reflecting acceptable and defect conditions.


For each standard, IPC-A-610F Amendment 1 and IPC J-STD-001F Amendment 1 embodies a critical shift to deliver necessary updates to these already robust standards. Both amendments tackle a variety of issues manufactures are currently facing in the electronics industry.


Included with this is the reintroduction of the Space Shuttle symbol to show where there are different criteria in the J-STD-001FS, Space Applications Electronic Hardware Addendum to IPC J-STD-001F. Other topics range from vertical hole fill to BGA voiding, as well as the revision of Class 2 requirements for vertical solder fill on plated through holes with less than 14 leads to include requirements when there is a connected internal thermal plane. The amendments also work toeliminate requirements for BGA voiding for BGA components with noncollapsing balls.


IPC-A-610 Revision F with Amendment 1 and J-STD -001 Revision F with Amendment 1, where the Amendment 1 is incorporated into the document, are being released in this new format for customers who want the criteria presented in one document. To make it clear, the documents in this format are not redline documents and do not show where the changes were made from Revision F to the Amendment.


In both instances, the emphasis is on quality.  These IPC documents can be purchased from Electronics.ca Publications as a Printed Copy, or PDF download with single user, site user, or global user license:


A-610F-WAM1A-610F-WAM1, Acceptability of Electronic Assemblies Revision F with Amendment 1 (NEW FORMAT)


J-STD-001F-WAM1, Requirements for Soldered Electrical and Electronic Assemblies Revision F with Amendment 1 (NEW FORMAT)



What is New in IPC Standards A-610F-WAM1 & J-STD-001F-WAM1 ?

Download IPC Standards - Everything You Need From Start To Finish

To achieve a high quality end product and maintain a competitive position in the marketplace, you need to infuse quality throughout the manufacturing process.


Did you know there is an IPC standard associated with nearly every step of printed circuit board production and assembly?  From design and purchasing to assembly and acceptance, Electronics.ca Publications offers IPC Standards to help you assure superior quality, reliability and consistency in the electronic assemblies that go into your product. Download IPC Standards Spec Tree – PDF file.


As with the manufacturing process — which uses a step-by-step approach – IPC standards also build upon one another. To achieve your desired results, it’s important to implement the appropriate IPC standards associated with each step of production.



Why Use IPC Standards in Your Manufacturing Process?


  • Gain Control Over End Product Quality and Reliability — Quality and reliability are the cornerstones of competing in the marketplace and critical to your company’s reputation and profitability. By implementing IPC standards throughout the manufacturing process, you help ensure better performance, longer life and compliance with lead-free regulations.

  • Improve Communication with Suppliers and Employees — IPC standards are the standards that your competitors, suppliers and EMS providers use. Working from an established IPC standard helps all of you to “speak the same language” — the language of the global electronic industry. In addition, using IPC standards eliminates confusion for employees, because they know they need to perform to an established industry standard.

  • Help Contain Costs — Ensuring that your design and the bare boards you purchase comply with IPC standards allows you to produce electronic assemblies that meet stringent quality tests down the line, minimizing costly delays, rework and scrap.

The Most Popular IPC Documents are available from Electronics.ca Publications in PDF Format


Download IPC Standards


IPC A-610F – Acceptability of Electronic Assemblies
IPC-A-610 is the most widely used electronics assembly standard in the world. A must for all quality assurance and assembly departments.


IPC J-STD-001F – Requirements for Soldered Electrical and Electronic Assemblies
J-STD-001 Requirements for Soldered Electrical and Electronic Assemblies has emerged as the preeminent authority for electronics assembly manufacturing. The standard describes materials, methods and verification criteria for producing high quality soldered interconnections. The standard emphasizes process control and sets industry-consensus requirements for a broad range of electronic products. This revision now includes support for lead free manufacturing.


IPC A-620B – Requirements and Acceptance for Cable and Wire Harness Assemblies
Revision B is now available for the only industry-consensus standard for Requirements and Acceptance of Cable and Wire Harness Assemblies.


IPC-DRM-PTH-E
Now updated to Revision D of the latest IPC-A-610E and J-STD-001E – our Training & Reference Guide illustrates critical acceptance criteria for the evaluation of through-hole solder connections.


IPC-DRM-SMT-E
Useful as a training aid in the classroom or on the shop floor, DRM-SMT-E contains computer generated color illustrations of Chip component, Gull Wing and J-Lead solder joints.


IPC-J-STD-033C
J-STD-033 Provides Surface Mount Device manufacturers and users with standardized methods for handling, packing, shipping and use of moisture/reflow sensitive SMDs.


IPC-J-STD-020D-1
IPC-J-STD-020D-1 standard identifies the classification levels of nonhermetic solid state surface mount devices that are sensitive to moisture-induced stress.


J-STD-075

J-STD-075 provides test methods to classify worst-case thermal process limitations for electronic components. Classification is referenced to common industry wave and reflow solder profiles including lead-free processing.


IPC Collections:


IPC-C-103 – Electronics Assembly Standards Collection


IPC-C-1000 Essential Document Collection for Board Design, Assembly and Manufacture


IPC-C-108 Cleaning Guides and Handbooks Collection


Through Electronics.ca you can order IPC standards for printed circuit board design and manufacturing and electronics assembly, including handbooks, guidelines and IPC training videos.



Download IPC Standards - Everything You Need From Start To Finish

Monday, November 7, 2016

Download IPC Standards - Everything You Need From Start To Finish

To achieve a high quality end product and maintain a competitive position in the marketplace, you need to infuse quality throughout the manufacturing process.


Did you know there is an IPC standard associated with nearly every step of printed circuit board production and assembly?  From design and purchasing to assembly and acceptance, Electronics.ca Publications offers IPC Standards to help you assure superior quality, reliability and consistency in the electronic assemblies that go into your product. Download IPC Standards Spec Tree – PDF file.


As with the manufacturing process — which uses a step-by-step approach – IPC standards also build upon one another. To achieve your desired results, it’s important to implement the appropriate IPC standards associated with each step of production.



Why Use IPC Standards in Your Manufacturing Process?


  • Gain Control Over End Product Quality and Reliability — Quality and reliability are the cornerstones of competing in the marketplace and critical to your company’s reputation and profitability. By implementing IPC standards throughout the manufacturing process, you help ensure better performance, longer life and compliance with lead-free regulations.

  • Improve Communication with Suppliers and Employees — IPC standards are the standards that your competitors, suppliers and EMS providers use. Working from an established IPC standard helps all of you to “speak the same language” — the language of the global electronic industry. In addition, using IPC standards eliminates confusion for employees, because they know they need to perform to an established industry standard.

  • Help Contain Costs — Ensuring that your design and the bare boards you purchase comply with IPC standards allows you to produce electronic assemblies that meet stringent quality tests down the line, minimizing costly delays, rework and scrap.

The Most Popular IPC Documents are available from Electronics.ca Publications in PDF Format


Download IPC Standards


IPC A-610F – Acceptability of Electronic Assemblies
IPC-A-610 is the most widely used electronics assembly standard in the world. A must for all quality assurance and assembly departments.


IPC J-STD-001F – Requirements for Soldered Electrical and Electronic Assemblies
J-STD-001 Requirements for Soldered Electrical and Electronic Assemblies has emerged as the preeminent authority for electronics assembly manufacturing. The standard describes materials, methods and verification criteria for producing high quality soldered interconnections. The standard emphasizes process control and sets industry-consensus requirements for a broad range of electronic products. This revision now includes support for lead free manufacturing.


IPC A-620B – Requirements and Acceptance for Cable and Wire Harness Assemblies
Revision B is now available for the only industry-consensus standard for Requirements and Acceptance of Cable and Wire Harness Assemblies.


IPC-DRM-PTH-E
Now updated to Revision D of the latest IPC-A-610E and J-STD-001E – our Training & Reference Guide illustrates critical acceptance criteria for the evaluation of through-hole solder connections.


IPC-DRM-SMT-E
Useful as a training aid in the classroom or on the shop floor, DRM-SMT-E contains computer generated color illustrations of Chip component, Gull Wing and J-Lead solder joints.


IPC-J-STD-033C
J-STD-033 Provides Surface Mount Device manufacturers and users with standardized methods for handling, packing, shipping and use of moisture/reflow sensitive SMDs.


IPC-J-STD-020D-1
IPC-J-STD-020D-1 standard identifies the classification levels of nonhermetic solid state surface mount devices that are sensitive to moisture-induced stress.


J-STD-075

J-STD-075 provides test methods to classify worst-case thermal process limitations for electronic components. Classification is referenced to common industry wave and reflow solder profiles including lead-free processing.


IPC Collections:


IPC-C-103 – Electronics Assembly Standards Collection


IPC-C-1000 Essential Document Collection for Board Design, Assembly and Manufacture


IPC-C-108 Cleaning Guides and Handbooks Collection


Through Electronics.ca you can order IPC standards for printed circuit board design and manufacturing and electronics assembly, including handbooks, guidelines and IPC training videos.



Download IPC Standards - Everything You Need From Start To Finish

Commercially Significant Market for Graphene Products to Develop Between 2015 and 2020

ELECTRONICS.CA PUBLICATIONS, the electronics industry market research and knowledge network, announces the availability of a new report entitled “Graphene: Technologies, Applications and Markets“. Although the nascent commercial market for graphene-based products currently is very small, between 2015 and 2025 the market should achieve unprecedented growth rates through technological advancements. New report reveals that increasing patent activity suggests technology trends are under way, ripening the market for explosive future growth.



Graphene is a sheet of carbon atoms bound together with double electron bonds in a thin film only one atom thick. The atoms in graphene are arranged in a honeycomb-style lattice pattern, an arrangement that provides strength, flexibility and electrical conductivity. The basic structural element of several forms of carbon, including graphite, carbon nanotubes and fullerenes, graphene has opened up new horizons for high-energy particle physics research and electronic, optical and energy applications.


Potential electronics applications of graphene include ultra-small transistors, super-dense data storage, touchscreens and wearable electronics. In the energy field, potential applications include ultracapacitors to store and transmit electrical power as well as highly efficient solar cells.


Global Market for Graphene


BCC research group expects a commercially significant market for graphene products to develop between 2015 and 2020, when the market is projected to be worth more than $310.4 million. The graphene market should continue to grow rapidly after 2020, approaching $2 billion by 2025.


Graphene printed electronics currently account for virtually all of the (very small) commercial market for graphene technologies. By 2020, structural materials should lead the market (23.2% market share) followed by displays (16.9% market share), graphene capacitors (16.9% market share) and high-performance computing applications (10.5% market share). Capacitors are projected to account for the largest share (31.6%) of the market for graphene technologies by 2025.


One challenge of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for the production of graphene is removing the graphene film from the metal substrate without contaminating it or ruining it. Several groups of researchers are working on solutions to this challenge. One of the most promising potential applications foreseen for this technology is the production of transparent electrodes for electronics screens.


In a field where many products and applications are still under development, an analysis of recent patents granted is a useful indicator of technology trends that will affect the graphene market in the mid-to-long term.


The number of U.S.patents granted for graphene-related inventions has been growing over the last 10 years, from four patents in 2005 to 309 in 2014 and 386 in just the first 10 months of 2015. Among the 355 patents issued for graphene applications, structural materials account for the largest number of patents identified. This trend is a clear indication of the growing interest in graphene.


Graphene: Technologies, Applications and Markets examines markets for graphene, with specific coverage of graphene technologies and applications. Analyses of global market drivers and trends, with data from 2014, estimates for 2015, and projections of CAGRs through 2020, and through 2025, are provided.


Details of the new report, table of contents and ordering information can be found on Electronics.ca Publications’ web site. View the report:Graphene: Technologies, Applications and Markets“.



Commercially Significant Market for Graphene Products to Develop Between 2015 and 2020

Friday, November 4, 2016

How Negative Interest Rates of Central Banks are Collapsing Global Economy?

The origin of negative interest rate of central banks lies in the neutral rate identified by Knut Wicksell almost a century ago. Negative interest rates meant that the rate of interest required to bring an economy back to full employment with a stable inflation, which could be even negative. The real job creators in any free market economy are not only producers but also consumers. Hence, both producers and consumers have to prosper for a robust economic growth.



On macroeconomic level, there is a huge income inequality in global economy because of the reluctance of their central banks to follow a monetary policy which would usher a true free market economy. The Fed has also printed several trillion dollars in its ambitious Quantitative Easing (QE) program after 2008 stock market crash. As a result, the economy stabilized in 2009 and began to grow in 2010. However, real wages of Americans fell, while the corporate profits sky-rocketed. How did that happen? Because, the entire increase in government spending from rising budget deficit went into the coffers of already wealthy producers. This is how Goldman Sachs alone could give bonuses of over $20 billion to its executives in 2009, while millions of ordinary Americans were still being laid off from their jobs. While the consumer debt actually fell, the government spending and hence its debt actually rose so much that executives received hefty extra compensation.


Due to absence of a free market economy where wages keep pace with productivity, the central banks have to print dollars just to sustain deficits in respective economies. The trade deficits of the US are a result of offshoring of manufacturing Low Labor Cost (LLCs) Asian countries to increase the corporate profits of US based MNCs. With a lost domestic manufacturing in developed economies to countries in Asia, the citizens in developed countries are relegated to low paying service sector jobs. Hence, the real wages of majority of citizens in the U.S. have actually decreased with rising trade deficits. These trade deficits however have benefited the external share holders of corporations who have reaped huge profits from the rising share prices resulting from a practice of offshoring.


The growing economic disparity has also reduced the ability of low wage earning citizens to pay a fair share of their taxes. Additionally, the tax cuts that are offered to corporations have added further to national budget deficits. Now, the growing trade and budget deficits can be sustained only by means of printing more currency. With their monetary policies, the central banks like Federal Reserve (Fed) or European Central Bank (ECB) prints more money to bring down the rate of interest, and lower interest rates induces people to increase their borrowing or it increases consumer debt. As the wages fall with rising productivity resulting from technological progress, the wage-productivity gap keeps rising so fast that even the government has to raise its own spending and debt constantly to sustain an economic demand from the growing gap between wages and productivity. In this way, even the national debt keeps rising because of increased government spending.


Hence, Central banks keep printing more and more money and all the printed money keeps entering into the pockets of already wealthy individuals and corporations but such policies do not help boost domestic consumer purchasing power in economy. Hence, the real economic demand keeps stagnating and even falling in some cases. Since, wages contribute to economic demand and productivity contributes to an economic supply, wage-productivity gap contributes to demand-supply gap.


The Fed’s benchmark interest rates are already close to zero percent and just to keep the value of the dollar high in order to be able to export more goods to the U.S., the ECB entered into negative interest territory in June 2014. This unprecedented step of imposing a negative interest rate on banks for their deposits is in effect charging lenders to park money with the banks. Additionally, the monetary policies of central banks let wages trail productivity resulting in a lack of economic demand. This causes all the money that is not put into the bank accounts to not get invested into the economy due to a poor economic demand. In fact, negative interest rates are causing money to get stashed underneath mattresses, thereby steadily shrinking of the consumer credit in the economy.


When Fed hiked its benchmark interest rate by only 0.25 percent in early 2016, there was a net inflow of funds from developing economies into the U.S. This move has strengthened USD as compared to its other trading partners. The Asian trading partners like Japan are also following an unconventional monetary policy and Japanese central banks are moving into a negative interest rate territory just to maintain a net trade surplus with the U.S. Hence, any reluctance by the Fed to hike its benchmark interest rate is undone by a decision of US trading partners to enter into a negative interest rate territory.


A rising value of US dollar from all these policies is not good for the US economy as U.S. is unable to export its goods to other countries due to high value of USD. Hence, US trade deficits are steadily rising and could rise further if the Fed hikes its interest rates further in 2016. Rising USD combined with falling US exports are crashing the profits of US MNCs. All of this causes an inability of the U.S. to be able to balance its budget in order to retain its AAA rating. The corporate bonds can no longer retain an excellent credit rating when corporate profits keep crashing because of falling consumer demand in the economy.


A net inflow of capital from developing economies into the U.S. has also triggered a panic in the developing economies as they are dependent on the capital arriving from developed economies. The US based MNCs have neglected consumer demand in US economy, in search of a better RoI from Asian economies and this is crashing MNC profits in both developing as well as developed economies. Everything depends on the ability of the U.S. to service its sovereign debt which would no longer retain its AAA rating as corporate profits start crashing. The end result of all this would be exactly like what has happened with the housing market crash of 2008, but this time the crisis will be much more severe than the housing market meltdown. Once the U.S. defaults on its debt, the global economy would collapse like a ‘Fire Cracker’.


This article is a sequel to Apek Mulay’s two published articles on LinkedIn viz:


  1. Negative interest rates of central banks could burst debt bubble like a fire cracker? (https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140605212609-11893233-negative-interest-rates-of-central-banks-could-burst-debt-bubble-like-a-fire-cracker?trk=mp-reader-card) published on 5th June 2014 when Negative Interest rates went into effect in Europe.

  2. Negative Interest Rates of Banks – Part 2 (https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/negative-interest-rates-banks-part-2-apekshit-mulay-apek-?trk=mp-reader-card)

Author’ Bio


How Negative Interest Rates of Central Banks are Collapsing Global Economy?Apek Mulay is Business and Technology Consultant at Mulay’s Consultancy Services. He is also a senior analyst and macroeconomist in US Semiconductor Industry. He is author of book Mass Capitalism: A Blueprint for Economic Revival. Mulay has also authored another book Sustaining Moore’s Law: Uncertainty leading to a Certainty of IoT Revolution with Morgan & Claypool publishers. He pursued undergraduate studies in Electronics Engineering (EE) at the University of Mumbai in India and has completed master’s degree in EE at Texas Tech University, Lubbock. Mulay authored a patent “Surface Imaging with Materials Identified by Colors” during his employment in Advanced CMOS technology development team at Texas Instruments Inc. He has also chaired technical sessions at International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis (ISTFA) for consecutive years. USCIS approved his US permanent residency under the category of foreign nationals with extraordinary abilities in science and technologies even though he did not pursue a PhD degree in engineering or economics. He has been cited as an ‘Engineer-cum-Economist’ by superstar economist Professor Ravi Batra in his 2015 Volume ‘End Unemployment Now: How to Eliminate Poverty, Debt and Joblessness despite Congress’. He has appeared on National Radio shows, made Cover Story for Industry Magazines, authors articles for newspapers as well as several reputed blogs & industry publications, as well as has been invited on several Television shows ( because of his accurate macroeconomic forecasts ) for his ideas about Mass Capitalism. He is also an investing partner in an ecommerce business Calcuttahandicraft.in which he started to envision his ideas about Mass Capitalism. www.ApekMulay.com.


www.apekmulay.com


 


 



How Negative Interest Rates of Central Banks are Collapsing Global Economy?